Orbex Launch Vehicle Simulation
Modelling the complex interactions between the rocket engine plume, vehicle base, and atmosphere
Vorticity supported Orbex with aerothermodynamic consultancy services across multiple ESA FLPP projects from 2020 to 2025. Over 400 CFD simulations were completed across critical phases of ascent and re-entry. Our work included the development of detailed aerothermodynamic databases, which modelled the complex interactions between the rocket engine plume, vehicle base, and atmosphere during ascent. We also performed detailed trajectory and flight dynamics simulations to assess vehicle stability and performance during re-entry.
Rocket engine plume and surrounding flow dynamics
During the ascent phase, Vorticity used CFD++ to model the rocket engine plume and surrounding flow dynamics. CFD++ is a powerful commercial CFD tool, known for its ability to model fluid flow gas dynamics across a wide range of flight regimes, from subsonic to hypersonic. Simulations were used to derive both steady and unsteady aerodynamic properties, and convective and radiative heating effects. By incorporating rocket plume chemistry, we ensured that all aspects of ascent aerodynamics were thoroughly understood, enabling optimal engine and vehicle design.
As well as ascent systems, Vorticity provided comprehensive aerothermodynamic databases for re-entry and recovery systems and integrated them into detailed flight dynamics models. We simulated full re-entry trajectories, including the effects of novel decelerating and stabilising drag surfaces.
Plume and surrounding flow dynamics at various Mach numbers
All simulations were completed following quality processes compliant with the ISO 9001 standard and NAFEMS Engineering Simulation Quality Management Standard (ESQMS). From modelling to final result release, our internal quality procedures guarantee that the simulation outcomes are of the highest standard, supporting safe and effective vehicle development.
By combining advanced simulation techniques with rigorous quality management, Vorticity provided valuable insights to help optimise the performance, safety, and reliability of launch vehicle designs.